Tracking the Ice Mantle History in the Solar-type Protostars of NGC 1333 IRAS 4

Abstract To understand the origin of diversity observed in exoplanetary systems, it is crucial to characterize early stages their formation, represented by solar-type protostars. Likely, gaseous chemical content these objects directly depends on composition dust-grain mantles formed before collapse. Directly retrieving ice mantle challenging, but can be done indirectly observing major components, such as NH 3 and CH OH at centimeter wavelengths, once they are released into gas phase during warm protostellar stage. We several lines toward three Class 0 protostars NGC 1333 (IRAS 4A1, IRAS 4A2, 4B), high angular resolution (1?; ?300 au) with VLA interferometer 24–26 GHz. Using a non-LTE LVG analysis, we derived similar /CH abundance ratio (?0.5, 0.015–0.5, 0.003–0.3 for 4B, respectively). Hence, infer were born from precollapse material physical conditions. Comparing ratios astrochemical model predictions, constrained dust temperature time formation ?17 K, which coincides average southern diffuse cloud. suggest that brutal event started collapse eventually which, therefore, did not experience usual prestellar core phase. This could clash bubble South, has previously been evoked literature.