Toxicity and Uptake of CuO Nanoparticles: Evaluation of an Emerging Nanofertilizer on Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plant

Wet chemistry was used to produce copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs). The results indicated that most were bacillus-shaped and relatively uniform in size (less than 30 nm). effect of synthesized CuO NPs on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) germination growth parameters studied compared bulk Cu. showed no significant difference obtained rate among all treatments. Bulk Cu additions significantly affect the mean time. On contrary, germinability affected by additions. Seed vigor index calculated demonstrate superior treatment parameters, confirmed 0.1 mg L−1 could be successfully improve seed germination. Moreover, general average concentrations plant tissue 139 103 kg−1 dry weight for NPs, respectively, indicating dissolution behavior NPs. addition (0.1 L−1) promotes chlorophyll formation equal 0.5 addition. This means using as fertilizer reduce 80% traditional fertilizers. Nonetheless, both forms (NPs bulk) root substantially control. effective toxic dose (EC50) 0.37 0.94 L−1, respectively. approximately 2.5 times concentration is toxicity due lowered dissolution. Our study phytotoxicity a non-nanosized plant-induced changes under environmentally real conditions should considered when measuring near roots. implies nano-CuO micronutrient amendment has potential benefit rather soluble salt growth.