Towards the understanding of wheel-rail flange squeal: In-situ experiment and genuine 3D profile-enhanced transient modelling

• A systematic study with new insights into wheel-rail flange squeal is carried out. Well-controlled in-situ experiments are conducted for measurements. An integrated transient model proposed and validated analysis. The intakes 3D scanning irregularity data reappearance. Mechanism of studied by discussion on identified critical factors. Wheel-rail noise during train turning has been a tricky problem influencing passengers nearby residents. tonal curve that mainly occurs at the inner rail extensively studied, while broadband takes place outer can be equally annoying seldom mentioned hardly investigated. This paper presents aiming understanding mechanism from phenomenon to underlying source. systematically demonstrates connection between observed contact force, measurements taken series well-controlled an operating metro line, numerical simulations. consisting three submodels dynamics, incorporating genuine surface irregularities developed specifically reproduce characteristics correlates force satisfactory performance. Features under four-speed levels corresponding reappeared global dynamics local status. explanation generation measurement observation confirmed through multiple key factors, including speed, position, shape patch, creepages, wheel irregularities. present expected establish footstone comprehension inspire further research in this area.