Towards system-theoretic risk assessment for future ships: A framework for selecting Risk Control Options

While the concept of smart shipping is expected to shape future maritime industry, its safety still a major concern. New risks might emerge when shifting from human controllers onboard, autonomous software and remote controllers. The uncertainties associated with emerging require an efficient decision-making methodology ensure ship safety. This paper proposes framework for selecting Risk Control Options (RCOs) ships higher degrees autonomy in context marine risk assessment Formal Safety Assessment (FSA). uses System Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) hazard analysis identification RCOs, while Bayesian Network employed estimating system risk. Integrating STPA BN offers possibility cover most steps both FSA permits prioritization identified RCOs. proposed method applied seawater cooling (SWC) as illustrative case study. results indicate that RCOs including sensors health monitoring testing should be prioritized reduce unveiled by which shows contribution causal scenarios. • A conduct select proposed. integrates identify quantify systems' operation. identifies critical prioritizes them considering target level. can considered conducting under risk-based design approach. capability was tested on