Towards efficient near-infrared fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes

Abstract The energy gap law ( E G -law) and aggregation quenching are the main limitations to overcome in design of near-infrared (NIR) organic emitters. Here, we achieve unprecedented results by synergistically addressing both these limitations. First, propose porphyrin oligomers with increasing length attenuate effects -law suppressing non-radiative rate growth, increase radiative via enhancement oscillator strength. Second, side chains suppress quenching. We find that logarithmic variation vs. is suppressed an order magnitude respect previous studies, complement this breakthrough demonstrating light-emitting diodes average external quantum efficiency ~1.1%, which very promising for a heavy-metal-free 850 nm emitter. also present novel quantitative model internal active layers supporting triplet-to-singlet conversion. These provide general strategy designing high-luminance NIR