Toward an intelligent and efficient beehive: A survey of precision beekeeping systems and services

Since the end of 20th century, bees are suffering from increasing stress factors, leading domesticated colonies to die or at least be less productive. Precision beekeeping (PB) is an emerging field agriculture that aims protecting bees, supporting beekeepers, and optimizing apiary production thanks digital infrastructures. The digitalization apiculture first involves systems Internet Things (IoT), with development sensors collect transfer bee-related data. Then, data analysis comes into play, providing models connect biological states beehives, sometimes artificial intelligence (AI). In this paper, we describe recent advances in precision as services. Different types sensors, networks, power sources PB covered. collection use described, performances services assessed. We also estimate sustainability proposed solutions, taking account their scalability, efficiency, economic cost, because beekeepers need deployable research results.