Total secondary-electron yield of metals measured by a dynamic method
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
solution of security constrained unit commitment problem by a new multi-objective optimization method
چکیده-پخش بار بهینه به عنوان یکی از ابزار زیر بنایی برای تحلیل سیستم های قدرت پیچیده ،برای مدت طولانی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.پخش بار بهینه توابع هدف یک سیستم قدرت از جمله تابع هزینه سوخت ،آلودگی ،تلفات را بهینه می کند،و هم زمان قیود سیستم قدرت را نیز برآورده می کند.در کلی ترین حالتopf یک مساله بهینه سازی غیر خطی ،غیر محدب،مقیاس بزرگ،و ایستا می باشد که می تواند شامل متغیرهای کنترلی پیوسته و گ...
Secondary Electron Yield of Glassy Carbon Dust Grains
Secondary electron emission from a micron spherical dust grain has been investigated locally by a narrow (less than 30 nm) electron beam at energies ranging from 0.6 to 10 keV using the secondary electron microscopy. For investigations, glassy carbon grains were chosen for their conductivity and smooth surface as well as carbon abundance in space and laboratory dusty plasmas. The energetic depe...
متن کاملInfluence of the Electric Field on Secondary Electron Emission Yield
We present results of the investigation of secondary electron emission from spherical amorphous carbon grains of 3 to 6 micrometers in diameter affected by a high surface field. In our experiment, we have applied a technique based on levitation of a single charged grain in the quadrupole trap. This grain was charged by an electron beam with an energy tunable up to 10 keV. During this process, t...
متن کاملCalculation of Secondary Electron Emission Yield From MgO Surface
Secondary electron emission yield values for rare-gas particles (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe ions of atoms and molecules, metastable atoms, and excimers) of MgO deposited under optimum conditions for the highest values were calculated assuming the Auger transitions between the valence band, and the (oxygen ion vacancy + two electrons) and + (oxygen ion vacancy + one electron) centers in the MgO surf...
متن کاملSecondary electron cascade in attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy from metals
Synopsis In a recent attosecond photoelectron spectroscopy experiment from a metal surface [A. L. Cavalieri et al. Nature (London) 449, 1029 (2007)] a tail of unexplained low-energy electrons was measured. These electrons are shown to be due to electron-electron scatterings as the photoelectrons leave the metal. We develop a model for single scattering and a model based on cascade theory to des...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Applied Physics
سال: 2000
ISSN: 0021-8979,1089-7550
DOI: 10.1063/1.373682