Top-down versus bottom-up theories of subjective well-being

Visual Attention: Bottom-Up Versus Top-Down

Visual attention is attracted by salient stimuli that 'pop out' from their surroundings. Attention can also be voluntarily directed to objects of current importance to the observer. What happens in the brain when these two processes interact?

Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Investing

in a world market where there are tens of thousands of stocks and hundreds of thousands of corporate bonds and other fixed-income securities, it is next to impossible for individual investors who have other things to do to figure out what to buy and what to sell. instead, we buy accounts and funds managed by investment professionals. how do professional investment managers form portfolios of se...

Bottom-up, top-down

Bottom-Up Beats Top-Down

In PEPA, the calculation of the transitions enabled by a process accounts for a large part of the time for the state space exploration of the underlying Markov chain. Unlike other approaches based on recursion, we present a new technique that is iterative—it traverses the process’ binary tree from the sequential components at the leaves up to the root. Empirical results shows that this algorith...

Top-Down versus Bottom-Up Theories of Phonological Acquisition: A Big Data Approach

Recent work has made available a number of standardized metaanalyses bearing on various aspects of infant language processing. We utilize data from two such meta-analyses (discrimination of vowel contrasts and word segmentation, i.e., recognition of word forms extracted from running speech) to assess whether the published body of empirical evidence supports a bottom-up versus a top-down theory ...