Token values

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Token values

laws and have a correct physical description, " writes H. Pattee, at the State University of New York. But despite such statements there is no doubt the field has a lot of ground to cover to avoid inventing new and sometimes unnecessary words or using the same words to mean different things, and redescribing the familiar for no obvious reason. The Introduction to Biosemiotics is not an easy rea...

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Determining the Asynchronous Threshold Values of the Timed Token Medium Access Protocol

Due to its timed-token medium access control protocol, fibre distributed data interface is suitable for transmitting real-time and non-real-time data. Several protocol parameters should be properly selected to satisfy the time constraints of the synchronous messages and to provide the maximum usage of the asynchronous transmission bandwidth. In this study the effect of asynchronous threshold va...

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Macaque Monkeys Can Learn Token Values from Human Models through Vicarious Reward

Monkeys can learn the symbolic meaning of tokens, and exchange them to get a reward. Monkeys can also learn the symbolic value of a token by observing conspecifics but it is not clear if they can learn passively by observing other actors, e.g., humans. To answer this question, we tested two monkeys in a token exchange paradigm in three experiments. Monkeys learned token values through observati...

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Schrödinger's token

A common problem when writing compilers for programming languages or little, domain-specific languages is that an input token may have several interpretations, depending on context. Solutions to this problem demand programmer intervention, obfuscate the language’s grammar, and may introduce subtle bugs. We present a technique which is simple and without the above drawbacks—allowing a token to s...

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Token Graphs

For a graph G and integer k ≥ 1, we define the token graph Fk(G) to be the graph with vertex set all k-subsets of V (G), where two vertices are adjacent in Fk(G) whenever their symmetric difference is a pair of adjacent vertices in G. Thus vertices of Fk(G) correspond to configurations of k indistinguishable tokens placed at distinct vertices of G, where two configurations are adjacent whenever...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: Current Biology

سال: 2007

ISSN: 0960-9822

DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2007.08.026