To fight or demonstrate? Micro foundations of inequality and conflict

Do people from disadvantaged ethnic groups favor political violence over non-violent tactics? Studies of horizontal (between-group) inequality often concentrate on civil war. This article drills below the macro level and looks beyond war, to investigate individual participation in various types conflict. Different combinations disadvantage different kinds conflict, because opportunity structures. Political exclusion motivates leadership, which facilitates organized movements. Economic disadvantages restrict economic leverage, making tactics less likely succeed. The maps these components groups’ structure onto constellations inequality. It uses Afrobarometer survey data ( N = 29,727) show that increase short When they coincide with exclusion, also make steer actively away demonstrations. evidence is conclusive for alone, but points toward increased