TMPRSS2 Is an Activating Protease for Respiratory Parainfluenza Viruses

TMPRSS2 Isoform 1 Activates Respiratory Viruses and Is Expressed in Viral Target Cells

The cellular protease TMPRSS2 cleaves and activates the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and TMPRSS2 expression is essential for viral spread and pathogenesis in mice. Moreover, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and other respiratory viruses are activated by TMPRSS2. However, previous studies on viral activation by TMPRSS2 focused on a 492 amino acids comprising form of...

Biology of parainfluenza viruses.

Parainfluenza virus types 1 to 4 (PIV1 to PIV4) are important human pathogens that cause upper and lower respiratory tract infections, especially in infants and children. PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3 are second only to respiratory syncytial virus as a cause of croup in young children. Although some clinical symptoms are typical of PIVs, etiologic diagnosis always requires detection of infectious virus,...

Studies of Parainfluenza Viruses

Serologic cross reactions have been demonstrated between members of the parainfluenza subgroup of myxoviruses.7'-Similar antigenic relationships have also been noted between mumps virus and each of the four parainfluenza virus serotyes" and between mumps and Newcastle disease virus.7'8 Furthermore, the DA virus, § a myxovirus recently isolated from human blood, which is serologically indistingu...

Live-attenuated virus vaccines for respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza viruses: applications of reverse genetics.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the human parainfluenza viruses (PIVs) are enveloped nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses of the paramyxovirus family. RSV is the leading cause of severe viral respiratory disease in infants and children, and in the United States RSV is responsible for 73,000 to 126,000 annual hospitalizations of infants younger than 1 year of age (1). Two antigenic sub...

Serological survey for antibodies against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis and parainfluenza 3 viruses among cattle in Iran