Time-Stepped Finite-Element Modeling of Three-Phase Transformer for Electromagnetic Transient Emulation on FPGA

The finite-element analysis is a powerful method to obtain detailed insight into the operation of any electromagnetic equipment. However, required computational power solve modeled equipment so heavy that most Newton-Raphson-method-based algorithms can barely achieve real-time simulation. low latency and hardware parallelism field-programmable gate array (FPGA) provides path forward. In this paper, parallel deeply pipelined adaptive transmission-line modeling with preconditioned conjugate gradient solver designed in implemented on two Xilinx ® XCVU37P FPGAs for three-phase transformer. accuracy transformer under both current-excited voltage-excited conditions was validated against commercial FE simulation tool.