Thermal and environmental performance of CI engine using CeO2 nanoparticles as additive in water–diesel–biodiesel fuel blend

The aim of this study was to find out the thermal and environmental performance a four-stroke, single-cylinder, direct injection 10-kW CI engine at varying load conditions using different test fuels. formulated fuels, viz. CeO2 nanoparticles-dispersed water–diesel–biodiesel fuel blend (CNWEDB) (WEDB), were prepared emulsification technique nanoparticles water as additives in diesel–biodiesel (B20). measured properties CNWEDB WEDB satisfied criteria Indian Standard for biodiesel indicating their suitability use engine. run various loads (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 100%) randomly assess its with all Thermal evaluated by measuring parameters such brake efficiency (BTE), brake-specific consumption (bsfc), exhaust gas temperature (EGT) heat balance assessed CO, HC NOx emissions Adding into B20 improved BTE 7.65% over diesel. Also, minimum losses observed 80% better conversion energy useful work. EGT bsfc reduced Engine fueling emitted 12.82%, 14.46% 14.20%; 30.77%, 43.67% 26.80% lesser concentration diesel, respectively.