The temperature dependency of Wolf–Rayet-type mass loss

CONTEXT: The mass loss of He-burning stars, which are partially or completely stripped their outer hydrogen envelope, is a catalyst the cosmic matter cycle and decisive ingredient massive star evolution. Yet, its theoretical fundament only starting to emerge with major dependencies still be uncovered. AIMS: A temperature radius dependence usually not included in descriptions for classical Wolf-Rayet (cWR) despite being crucial other hot wind domains. We thus aim determine whether such dependency will also necessary comprehensive description cWR regime. METHODS: Sequences dynamically consistent atmosphere models were calculated hydrodynamic branch PoWR code along domain, using different choices luminosity, mass, surface abundances. For first time, we allowed nonmonotonic velocity fields when solving equation motion. resulting structures then interpolated comoving-frame radiative transfer, ensuring that main characteristics preserved. RESULTS: find strong mass-loss rate critical/sonic point mainly reflects radii gravitational accelerations. Moreover, obtain relation between observed effective transformed seems largely independent underlying stellar parameters. shifts clumping factors wind. Below characteristic value -4.5, slope this changes winds become transparent He II ionizing photons. CONCLUSIONS: stars high-dimensional problem but shows inherent scalings can used an approximation temperature. (...)