The Question that I Could Not Answer

TB, or not TB: that is the question -- does TLR signaling hold the answer?

Innate immunity critically depends on signaling by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that rely heavily on an intracellular adapter protein called myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). Adaptive immune defenses are generally thought to be orchestrated by innate immune responses and so should require intact TLR-MyD88 signaling pathways. But a surprising new study in MyD88-null mice infected with Myc...

Multiagent learning is not the answer. It is the question

The article by Shoham, Powers, and Grenager called “If multi-agent learning is the answer, what is the question?” does a great job of laying out the current state of the art and open issues at the intersection of game theory and artificial intelligence (AI). However, from the AI perspective, the term “multiagent learning” applies more broadly than can be usefully framed in game theoretic terms....

What is an Answer? That is the Question

Several notions of answerhood are formalized using a proof system, i.e., a Pure Type System (PTS). Our starting point is a definition of answerhood which was proposed in the mid-eighties by Groenendijk and Stokhof (G&S). This definition rests on two concepts which, in the past fifteen years, have become central to the trade of formal semantics: context change and contextdependence. Our formaliz...

10 interventions that could not be considered as motivational interview

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Frail or not? That is the question.