The gravitational bending angle by static and spherically symmetric black holes in bumblebee gravity

This work investigates the influence of Lorentz symmetry breaking in bending angle massive particles and light for bumblebee black hole solutions. The solutions analyzed break due to a non-zero vacuum expectation value field. We use Ishihara method, which allows us study finite distances, it is applicable non-asymptotically flat spacetimes when considering receiver viewpoint. In order analyze deflection particles, we systematize method its application Jacobi metric. systematization using Gauss-Bonnet theorem. consider two backgrounds: first was found by Bertolami et al. asymptotically flat. second recently Maluf not an effective cosmological constant.