The European Union’s international climate leadership: towards a grand climate strategy?

Advancing literature on EU international climate strategy, this article offers a fresh and comprehensive assessment of the EU's leadership change. Conceptually, it provides framework for systematic analysis different facets exemplary diplomatic taking into account key conditions. Empirically, we trace achievements challenges since early 1990s, with emphasis contemporary developments. We find that has successfully adapted its to evolving over time. However, intensified geopolitics reinforced demand enhance capabilities proactive ‘grand strategy’. Grand strategizing would require coordination institutions member states at highest political levels. In addition facilitating maintenance so far, could provide stronger integration domestic policy across other fields fora.