The costimulatory molecule CD226 signals through VAV1 to amplify TCR signals and promote IL-17 production by CD4+ T cells

Transplant Rejection TLR Signals Promote IL-6/IL-17-Dependent

Costimulatory signals controlling regulatory T cells.

T he concept of specialized suppressor T cells (now commonly called regulatory T cells or Tregs), which was abandoned by most immunologists in the early 1980s (1), was rescued by the description of a marker for their identification and isolation by Sakaguchi et al. (2), who, in 1995, described a CD4 CD25 subpopulation of T cells that could prevent pathology in a mouse autoimmune disease model. ...

Effect of interleukin (IL)-35 on IL-17 expression and production by human CD4+ T cells

BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-17 produced by mainly T helper 17 (Th17) cells may play an important destructive role in chronic periodontitis (CP). Thus, anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-35, might have a beneficial effect in periodontitis by inhibiting differentiation of Th17 cells. Th17 differentiation is regulated by the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor (ROR) α (encoded by R...

TCR and IL-7 receptor signals can operate independently or synergize to promote lymphopenia-induced expansion of naive T cells.

TCR and cytokine signals induce naive T cells to undergo spontaneous divisions as part of a homeostatic response to conditions of T cell deficiency. The conditions under which these signals evoke the homeostatic response and their interaction with each other are poorly understood, and yet are very important clinically in considering strategies for immune reconstitution. Here, we show that p56(l...

Human Langerhans cells induce distinct IL-22-producing CD4+ T cells lacking IL-17 production.

IL-22 is a cytokine that acts mainly on epithelial cells. In the skin, it mediates keratinocyte proliferation and epidermal hyperplasia and is thought to play a central role in inflammatory diseases with marked epidermal acanthosis, such as psoriasis. Although IL-22 was initially considered a Th17 cytokine, increasing evidence suggests that T helper cells can produce IL-22 even without IL-17 ex...