The clinical relevance and mechanism of skeletal muscle wasting

Skeletal muscle wasting occurs in both chronic and acute diseases. Increasing evidence has shown this debilitating process is associated with short- long-term outcomes critical, cancer surgical patients. Both quantity quality, as reflected by the area density of a given range attenuation CT scan, impact patient prognosis. In addition, ultrasound bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) are also widely used assessment body composition due to their bedside viability no radioactivity. Mechanism researches have revealed complicated pathways involved wasting, which include altered IGF1-Akt-FoxO signaling, elevated levels myostatin activin A, activation NF-?B pathway glucocorticoid effects. Particularly, central nervous system (CNS) been proven participate regulating various conditions, such infection tumor. Several promising therapeutic agents under developing treatment atrophy, antagonist, ghrelin analog, non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs). Notably, nutritional therapy still fundamental support combating wasting. However, optimizing tailored nutrition regimen relies on accurate metabolism measurement large clinical trials future. Here, we will discuss current understanding potential practice.