منابع مشابه
Warm climates of the past—a lesson for the future?
This Discussion Meeting Issue of the Philosophical Transactions A had its genesis in a Discussion Meeting of the Royal Society which took place on 10-11 October 2011. The Discussion Meeting, entitled 'Warm climates of the past: a lesson for the future?', brought together 16 eminent international speakers from the field of palaeoclimate, and was attended by over 280 scientists and members of the...
متن کاملClimate changes over the past millennium: Relationships with Mediterranean climates(∗)
— Evidence is reviewed for climate change and its causes over the interval spanning roughly the past millennium. Particular emphasis is placed on patterns of climate change influencing Mediterranean climates of the Northern Hemisphere. The evidence is taken from studies using high-resolution climate “proxy” data sources, and climate modeling simulations. The available evidence suggests that for...
متن کاملQuantitative reconstruction of past climates using extension of modern climate-pollen relations based on the MAT method
Introduction Instrumental records span only a tiny fraction (<107) of the Earth’s climatic history. Therefore, indirect source of climate data must be used. Subfossil pollen and plant macrofossil data derived from sediment profiles can provide quantitative information on past climate. Recognizing the relationship between pollen assemblages and climatic variables and then interpreting foss...
متن کاملReconstructions of past climates from documentary and natural sources in Finland since the 18th century
In this paper both documentary and natural proxy data have been used to improve the accuracy of palaeoclimatic knowledge in Finland since the 18th century. Early meteorological observations from Turku (1748-1800) were analyzed fi rst as a potential source of climate variability. The reliability of the calculated mean temperatures was evaluated by comparing them with those of contemporary temper...
متن کاملsatirical literature, its types and evolution during past ages
irony in literature is an art that reflects the underlying pain and heals the hidden anguish that it wants to use to heal its grief and remove its anguish through its opposite. hence, the pain felt by the writer or the poet and his inability to remove the causes of this pain is the motivation behind this irony that the poet creates. however, the motivation to resort to this method varies from e...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 1890
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/042270d0