The Boundary Conditions of Degressive Proportionality

Mathematical aspects of degressive proportionality

We analyze mathematical properties of apportionment functions in the context of allocating seats in the European Parliament. Some exemplary families of such functions are specified and the corresponding allocations of seats among the Member States of the European Union are presented. We show that the constitutional constraints for the apportionment are so strong that the admissible functions le...

Utilitarianism, Degressive Proportionality and the Constitution of a Federal Assembly

the effect of taftan pozzolan on the compressive strength of concrete in the environmental conditions of oman sea (chabahar port)

cement is an essential ingredient in the concrete buildings. for production of cement considerable amount of fossil fuel and electrical energy is consumed. on the other hand for generating one tone of portland cement, nearly one ton of carbon dioxide is released. it shows that 7 percent of the total released carbon dioxide in the world relates to the cement industry. considering ecological issu...

Boundary Conditions of the Heliosphere

Radiative transfer equilibrium models of nearby interstellar matter (ISM) are required to determine the boundary conditions of the heliosphere from astronomical observations of nearby stars. These models are also constrained by data on the ISM inside of the solar system, including pickup ion, anomalous cosmic rays, and in situ He data. The two best ISM models give semi-empirical filtration fact...

On Bounds for Allocation of Seats in the European Parliament

Rules i.–iii. are clear and do not require any comments, but rule iv. may raise some doubts. Although the very notion of degressive proportionality can, in principle, be defined in a mathematically rigorous way, one may construct several different methods of distribution of the seats in the Parliament consistent with this rule. Roughly speaking, degressive proportionality means a conjunction of...