Ten axioms for three dimensional Euclidean geometry

Euclidean Geometry before non-Euclidean Geometry

In [3], in my argument for the primacy of Euclidean geometry on the basis of rigid motions and the existence of similar but non-congruent triangles, I wrote the following: A: “The mobility of rigid objects is now recognized as one of the things every normal human child learns in infancy, and this learning appears to be part of our biological progaramming.” B. “. . . we are all used to thinking ...

Smooth surfaces in three-dimensional Euclidean space

are locally described by classical differential geometry. In case some spatial direction (e.g., the direction of gravity in the natural landscape or the viewing direction in visual space) assumes a special role, this formalism has to be replaced by the special theory of “topographic surfaces’’ and one speaks of “surface relief ’’ (Liebmann, 1902/1927). Examples include topographic relief and— i...

Tarski Geometry Axioms

This is the translation of the Mizar article containing readable Mizar proofs of some axiomatic geometry theorems formulated by the great Polish mathematician Alfred Tarski [8], and we hope to continue this work. The article is an extension and upgrading of the source code written by the first author with the help of miz3 tool; his primary goal was to use proof checkers to help teach rigorous a...

Spatial Analysis in curved spaces with Non-Euclidean Geometry

The ultimate goal of spatial information, both as part of technology and as science, is to answer questions and issues related to space, place, and location. Therefore, geometry is widely used for description, storage, and analysis. Undoubtedly, one of the most essential features of spatial information is geometric features, and one of the most obvious types of analysis is the geometric type an...

Tarski Geometry Axioms - Part II