Tefsirin Erken Döneminde Tevil: Mücâhid b. Cebr'in Aklî Yorumları

Mujāhid b. Jabr (d. 103/721) is one of the prominent scholars tābiʿīn generation. There consensus among that he was a reciter (qāriʾ), jurist (faqīh), and trustworthy (thiqa) scholar. A disciple Ibn ʿAbbās 68/687-688), particularly known for his contributions to science Qur’an exegesis (tafsīr), therefore has been referred by such appellations as al-Imām leader reciters exegetes (shaykh al-qurrāʾ wa-l-mufassirīn). Eminent scholars, al-Shāfiʿī 204/820), Aḥmad Ḥanbal 241/855), al-Bukhārī 256/870), al-Ṭabarī 310/923) valued narratives regarded him an incontestable authority in tafsīr. comes fore emphasis on personal opinion (raʾy) tafsīr, well research verification methods, visiting places where some stories Quran took place, traveling pursuit knowledge, asking information from People Book (Ahl al-kitāb). The fact himself conveyed opinions about virtue raʾy most important indicators aforementioned features. tradition those who deepen their knowledge will know interpretation ambiguous verses (mutashābihāt), whose only narrator Mujāhid, may be seen expression conception Noteworthy this context interprets through metaphor allegory. This others like it gave rise classical period had “some views tafsīr should approached with caution,” leading contemporary Goldziher 1921) regard “early harbinger tendency rational exegesis.” One controversial examples concerns conversion into monkeys Israelites violated Saturday ban. While majority understood people question literally transformed monkeys, claimed not but allegory there no real sense, but, sense they were monkey-like terms character traits. Most exegetes, especially al-Ṭabarī, rejected Mujāhid’s view grounds tantamount accepting other punishments given Israelites, metaphorical way contrary literal meaning verse consensus. mostly accepted modern approach tendencies become more prevalent. Regarding table miracle Jesus, said, “This allegory; nothing sent down them.” statement read mean apostles abandoned wishes when Allah informed them He would bring table, inflict great torment if did believe. However, following al-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī 110/728)—who thinks “if brought down, day have holiday Christians”—did accept view, holding instead offered associating festivals celebrated Christians. An attributed interpreted “Your Lord raise you praised position” 79 sūrat al-Isrāʾ “He puts His Throne Himself.” same “the intercession.” literalists al-ḥadīth) tried explain its possibility, ḥadith ʿAbd al-Barr 463/1071) al-Dhahabī 748/1348), commentators, al-Wāḥidī 468/1076) al-Rāzī, strongly opposed it. In fact, attribution seems problematic both transmission chain theory. transmission, Lays Abī Sulaym 143/760-61) considered weak narrator. theory, adopted, just refers intercession, depending stronger narrative chains. It impossible prefers interpretations many occasions agrees signifies intercession adopt, at time, evokes anthropomorphism (tashbīh tajsīm).