منابع مشابه
A Theory of Dynamic Tariff and Quota Retaliation
Abstract This paper establishes relationships between static Nash equilibria and dynamic Markov perfect equilibria of tariff and quota retaliation games. In supermodular games where tariffs are strategic complements, the steady state of every, symmetric Markov perfect equilibrium must have lower tariffs than in the static equilibrium. If tariffs are strategic substitutes, tariffs in the dynamic...
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that restrict trade between countries in agricultural commodities. Many of these policies are now subject to important disciplines under the 1994 GATT agreement that is administered by the World Trade Organization (WTO). The paper is organized as follows. First, tariffs, import quotas, and tariff rate quotas are discussed. Then, a series of non-tariff barriers to trade are examined, including v...
متن کاملThe Theory of Political Tariff Protection for Agricultural Sector in Developing Countries
This paper aims to analyze tariff protection policies in the agricultural sector of developing countries. The agricultural tariff structure in developing countries is characterized by: i) high average tariffs, ii) the existence of tariff escalation, iii) dispersion of nominal tariffs across tariff lines, and iv) a wide gap between average nominal tariffs and import-weighted average tariffs. Con...
متن کاملBeyond Tariff Equivalents
The services sector is the next frontier in trade liberalization, and progress in this area is likely to bring enormous economic gain to developed and developing economies. A major impediment to services trade liberaliza tion, however, is the lack of rigorous analytical work on its potential impact. Our aim in this paper is to propel the policy relevant research forward. Restrictions on servic...
متن کاملTariff Optimization in Networks
W consider the problem of determining a set of optimal tariffs for an agent in the network, who owns a subset of all the arcs, and who receives revenue by setting the tariffs on the arcs he owns. Multiple rational clients are active in the network, who route their demands on the least expensive paths from source to destination. The cost of a path is determined by fixed costs and tariffs on the ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: ASTIN Bulletin
سال: 1975
ISSN: 0515-0361,1783-1350
DOI: 10.1017/s0515036100009338