γδ T cells are significantly suppressed in glioma patients but retain their cytotoxic potential

Abstract Complex interactions between tumor and immune cells influence γδ T in the course of glioma. The study aimed to characterise glioma patients assess their potential for T-based immunotherapy. Peripheral blood from 52 30 healthy controls was collected. subsets were assessed by flow cytometry compared stages i.e. LGG HGG. Cytokine expression cytotoxicity against U251MG tested on Vδ2 vitro cultures. co-culture donors PBMC with patient plasma or 4 hours stimulations performed. Both total Vδ1 significantly expanded patients. While stimulatory molecules (CD226 NKG2D) downregulated, co-inhibitory (PD-1, CTLA-4, TIGIT, TIM-3, LAG-3) overexpressed. Suppression seems be promoted circulating cytokines as PD-1, LAG-3 upregulated cultures plasma. Healthy volunteer are usually activated demonstrated an increase CD69 CD107a after short-term co-culture. Importantly, patient-derived retained cytotoxic glioblastoma cells, even though they overexpressed anti-inflammatory (IL-10, TGF-β, IL-17). results highlight profoundly immunosuppressive peripheral environment gliomas. Most importantly, this may affect general fitness lowering On other hand, those changes seem at least partially reversible retain in-vitro activation culture. Supported grant Medical University Lublin MG 25/2022.