Synthetic solar cycle for active regions violating the Hale’s polarity law

ABSTRACT Long observational series for bipolar active regions (ARs) provide significant information about the mutual transformation of poloidal and toroidal components global solar magnetic field. The direction field determines polarity leading sunspots in ARs accordance with Hale’s law. vast majority obey this regularity, whereas a few per cent have opposite sense (anti-Hale ARs). However, study these is hampered by their poor statistics. data five 11-yr cycles (16–18 23, 24) were combined here to compile synthetic cycle unique time length latitudinal width. comprises 14838 367 them are anti-Hale ARs. A specific routine was demonstrated. We found that, general, follow spread throughout time-latitude diagram evenly, which implies fundamental connection dynamo mechanism flux system. increase number percentage occurs second part cycle, favour contribution polar reversal. excess at edges butterfly near an oncoming minimum (where weakens) might be associated strengthening influence turbulent convection fluctuations on arising tubes. evidence misalignment between heliographic equators also found.