Synthesis of a poly(p-aminophenol)/starch/graphene oxide ternary nanocomposite for removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solution

In the current study, poly(p-aminophenol) (PpAP), with starch and graphene oxide (GO), was successfully synthesised by oxidative polymerisation from p-aminophenol monomer in an aqueous alkaline medium using ammonium persulfate (APS) as oxidising agent. The polymers were characterised UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller zeta potential techniques. These techniques confirmed presence of site-selective interaction between conjugated PpAP chain ?-bonded surface, thus H-bonding GO. Further, enhanced dye removal efficiency ascribed to improved morphology pore volume created entangled PpAP/Starch/GO. influences experimental conditions, such polymer composite content, concentration, time, pH bath solution, temperature on cationic adsorption, investigated. adsorption data fixed Langmuir isotherm (R2 range 0.997 0.9995) showed a pseudo-second order = 0.996 0.9996) kinetic model. Moreover, ternary able remove large proportion (96.7%) water at 7. thermodynamic investigation found that process spontaneous endothermic. addition, adsorbent good reusability six cycles. acquired suggest PpAP/Starch/GO can be effectively applied reused inexpensive material for MB water.