Synchromodal transport planning considering heterogeneous and vague preferences of shippers

In synchromodal transport, a freight forwarder usually serves multiple shippers with heterogeneous and vague preferences, such as low-cost, fast, or reliable transport. Ignoring shippers’ preferences will negatively impact the satisfaction of lead to loss them in longer run. order incorporate these Synchromodal Transport Planning Problem Heterogeneous Vague Preferences (STPP-HVP) is proposed formulated mathematical model. (HVP) are modeled through Multiple Attribute Decision Making approaches that integrate fuzzy set theory. The model has two objectives, i.e., maximizing number served requests minimizing transportation cost. constraints needs satisfy preferred levels for each attribute. A heuristic algorithm (Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search) find (near) optimal solutions. case study European Rhine–Alpine corridor demonstrates can provide more attractive solutions compared optimization which ignores preferences. Under various scenarios, attributes, cost, time, emissions, reliability, risk damage, analyzed modes routes suggested according HVP. Moreover, results show conflicts among shippers, between resolved by making one actor satisfied without compromising any other actor’s