Surrogate Markers for Cardiovascular Disease: Functional Markers
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Surrogate markers for cardiovascular disease: functional markers.
Endothelial Dysfunction The endothelium constitutes the largest organ system in the body. “Endothelial function” refers to a multitude of physiological functions of the vascular endothelium that are achieved via secretion of diverse bioactive substances. This renders the endothelium an active participant in healthy homeostasis of the vascular wall that includes normal vasomotion, inhibition of ...
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Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Pignoli et al1 validated the concept that intima-media thickness (IMT), as measured by B-mode ultrasound and applied either in vitro or in situ at the time of autopsy, reflected direct measurements of aortic and/or carotid specimens. Values obtained by ultrasound at autopsy and by direct measurement were similar to those obtained from living subjects. The characte...
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PURPOSE OF REVIEW Novel treatment modalities for cardiovascular prevention are emerging rapidly. Since it is virtually impossible to evaluate all these new compounds in long-term trials using clinical end points, there is an urgent need for validated surrogate markers of atherosclerosis to save both time and costs. Over the last decade, the use of imaging markers has been widely introduced into...
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Cardiovascular disease is a common comorbidity and cause of mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A better understanding of mechanisms of cardiovascular risk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients is needed to improve clinical outcomes. We hypothesized that such patients have increased arterial stiffness, wave reflections, and subclinical atherosclerosis compared with c...
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Most clinicians are aware that arcus corneae and xanthelasmata are related to hyperlipidaemia, but results have been conflicting on whether they provide extra information compared with traditional risk factors when predicting the risk of cardiovascular disease. In the linked prospective cohort study (doi:10.1136/ bmj.d5497), Christoffersen and colleagues assess whether xanthelasmata and arcus c...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Circulation
سال: 2004
ISSN: 0009-7322,1524-4539
DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.0000133442.99186.39