Surgical Anatomy-Endoscopic Approach

Severe posterior epistaxis-endoscopic surgical anatomy.

OBJECTIVE To describe the anatomy of the sphenopalatine foramen (SPF) region and possible anatomical variations. STUDY DESIGN Prospective study accomplished from September, 2006, to January, 2007. METHODS The sphenopalatine foramen (SPF) of 61 cadavers were carefully dissected. Presence of the ethmoidal crest, location of sphenopalatine and accessory foramens, and the number of arterial bra...

Surgical anatomy of transcanal endoscopic approach to the tympanic facial nerve.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Until recently, tympanic facial nerve surgery had been performed using microscopic approaches, but in recent years, exclusive endoscopic approaches to the middle ear have increasingly been used, particularly in cholesteatoma surgery. The aim of this report was to illustrate the surgical anatomy of the facial nerve during an exclusive endoscopic transcanal approach. STUDY...

Surgical Anatomy for the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach to the Ventrolateral Skull Base

The authors describe the surgical anatomy for the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) to the ventrolateral skull base. The ventrolateral skull base can be divided into two segments: the upper lateral and lower lateral skull base. The upper lateral skull base includes the cavernous sinus and the orbit, while the lower lateral skull base includes the petrous apex, Meckel's cave, parapharyngeal sp...

Endoscopic transpterygoid nasopharyngectomy: correlation of surgical anatomy with multiplanar CT.

BACKGROUND Oncologic resection of the nasopharynx is challenging due to its complex and deep-seated nature. We aimed to illustrate the anatomic landmarks of endoscopic nasopharyngectomy and design a surgical training model that could facilitate learning of this technique. METHODS An endoscopic endonasal dissection of the nasopharynx was completed in fresh cadaveric specimens under conditions ...

Surgical Anatomy