Surface Roughness Reduction in A Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) Process using Central Composite Design Method

Abstract The objective of this study is to optimize the fabrication factors a consumer-grade fused filament (FFF) system. input were nozzle temperature, bed printing speed, and layer thickness. optimization aims minimize average surface roughness (Ra) indicating quality benchmarks. In study, Ra was measured at two positions, bottom top For fabrication, material used Polylactic acid (PLA) filament. A response method (RSM), central composite design (CCD), utilized carry out optimization. analysis variance (ANOVA) calculated explore significant factors, interactions, quadratic effect, lack fit, while regression performed determine prediction equation Ra. model adequacy checking conducted check whether residual assumption still held. total number thirty benchmarks fabricated using tester. surface, results indicated that there main effect from only one factor, speed. However, for ANOVA signified an interaction between speed optimal setting these also recommended, empirical models both positions presented. Finally, extra benchmark validate model.