Summit: vague answers to well-known problems?
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
A novel hybrid meta-heuristic technique applied to the well-known benchmark optimization problems
In this paper, a hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm, based on imperialistic competition algorithm (ICA), harmony search (HS), and simulated annealing (SA) is presented. The body of the proposed hybrid algorithm is based on ICA. The proposed hybrid algorithm inherits the advantages of the process of harmony creation in HS algorithm to improve the exploitation phase of the ICA algorithm. In addition...
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1. We just write out (i). Recall that X1 ∪ X2 = {x : x ∈ X1 or x ∈ X2}. Hence x ∈ X1 =⇒ x ∈ X1 ∪ X2, so that X1 ⊆ X1 ∪ X2. By symmetry, X1 ⊆ X1 ∪ X2. Finally, suppose that Y is a set such that X1 ⊆ Y and X2 ⊆ Y . Let x ∈ X1 ∪X2. Then x ∈ X1 or x ∈ X2. If x ∈ X1, then x ∈ Y since X1 ⊆ Y . Similarly, if x ∈ X2, then x ∈ Y . Thus in either case x ∈ Y , so that X1 ∪X2 ⊆ Y . 2. (i) Injective, not su...
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5. Set h1 = (1, 2)(3, 4), h2 = (1, 3)(2, 4), h3 = (1, 4)(2, 3). Clearly h 2 i = 1 for all i, so that hi = h −1 i and thus (since 1 is its own inverse too) H is closed under taking inverses and contains 1. To see that H is closed in general, there is no problem with the products 1 · 1, 1 · hi = hi · 1, or hi , so we must just check hihj for i 6= j. For example, h1h2 = h3, and hence h2h1 = h −1 2...
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a. The Chou-Fasman method is based on the propensity of different amino acids to form different types of secondary structure. It then looks for patterns of these different types of residues to determine the presence of helices and strands etc. These propensity values reflect the physics of the individual amino acids ie prolines are likely to break helices because of its sidechain. b. The GOR me...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nature
سال: 2002
ISSN: 0028-0836,1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/418817a