Sulfated <i>Cyclocarya paliurus</i> polysaccharides exert immunomodulatory potential on macrophages via Toll-like receptor 4 mediated MAPK/NF- <i>κ</i>B signaling pathways

The biological activity of plant polysaccharides can be enhanced by sulfated modification. In this study, the immunomodulatory effect Cyclocarya paliurus (SCP3) on macrophages RAW264.7 and its potential molecular mechanism were investigated. Results showed that SCP3 at 25-100 μg/mL increased viability improved phagocytosis cells. Meanwhile, could activate MAPK NF-κB signaling pathways, which phosphorylation Erk1/2, JNK, p38 p65, promoting secretion cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 NO as well production ROS. addition, TLR4 receptor inhibitors able to block TNF-α SCP3-stimulated macrophages. Based western blot analysis validation using specific against results demonstrated induced activation via TLR4-mediated pathways. summary, has significant potential. underlying was activates receptors promote ROS production, in turn downstream MAPK/NF-κB pathway then increases levels NO.