منابع مشابه
Autoantibodies, lupus and the science of sabotage.
Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA) and antiphospholipid antibodies (APL) are important in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) respectively. Not all anti-dsDNA or APL antibodies can cause clinical effects. Those that are particularly likely to cause tissue damage tend to be of IgG isotype and to possess particular binding p...
متن کاملSelf - Sabotage ∗
We analyze the incentives of a vertically-integrated producer (VIP) to engage in “self-sabotage”. Self-sabotage occurs when a VIP intentionally increases its upstream costs and/or reduces the quality of its upstream product. We identify conditions under which self-sabotage is profitable for the VIP even though it raises symmetrically the cost of the upstream product to all downstream producers ...
متن کاملDynamically Sabotage-Proof Tournaments
This paper explores the consequences of sabotage for the design of incentive contracts. The possibility of sabotage gives rise to a dynamic concern, similar to the Ratchet effect, which distorts the agents’ incentives. We first show that the mere possibility of sabotage may make it impossible to implement the first-best effort, and then offer two distinct incentive schemes, fast track and late ...
متن کاملCross-Market Integration and Sabotage
Recent industry developments motivate the study of cross-market firm integrations, which often raises controversies and regulatory concerns due to the potential negative effects through the integrated firms’ sabotage activities. In this paper, we analyze integrations of firms in two interrelated markets that produce complementary products. Two firms compete with differentiated products in each ...
متن کاملSabotage in Promotion Tournaments
This article studies the nature, determinants, and impact of “negative” activities in organizations. In competing for promotion, the members in organizations can work not only to enhance their own performances, but also to “sabotage” their opponent’s performances. It is worthwhile for them to engage in negative activities because promotion is generally based on relative, rather than absolute, p...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Musculoskeletal Pain
سال: 2004
ISSN: 1058-2452,1540-7012
DOI: 10.1300/j094v12n02_02