Structural, dielectric, ferroelectric and electrical properties of lead-free Ba0.9Sr0.1Ti0.9Sn0.1O3 ceramic prepared by sol–gel method

Lead-free Ba0.9Sr0.1Ti0.9Sn0.1O3 (BSTSn) ceramic was prepared by the sol–gel method. X-ray diffraction measurement at room temperature reveals single-phase formation with tetragonal structure refined in P4mm space group. Raman spectroscopy analysis used to confirm of BSTSn sintered 1420 °C during 5 h. The dielectric measurements were examined range [−90 – 250 °C] and frequency [100 Hz 1 MHz]. maximum constant found be ∼ 5484 (1 kHz) temperature. diffuse phase transition characteristic kHz ascribed modified Curie-Weiss law. Macroscopic polarization field (P E) hysteresis loops recorded (RT) ferroelectric nature ceramic. Impedance sample 300–380 presence two relaxation contributions originated from grains grain boundaries. Activation energies boundaries resistances deduced order determine conduction mechanism studied sample.