Stress Proteins in Reproductive Toxicology

Stress proteins in reproductive toxicology.

Although a wide range of physical and chemical agents disrupt gametogenesis and embryogenesis in animals and humans, much less is known about the mechanisms leading up to these disruptions and the factors that determine whether a particular animal or human will be sensitive to a potential toxicant. Recent research has identified a number of different stress protein families, also known as heat ...

Reproductive toxicology.

Reproductive toxicology. Chemical mixture.

Background: Intestinal failure is the outcome of a number of gastrointestinal diseases and characterized by significant reduction in functional gut mass. If not resolved patients often face longterm nutritional support. This study gathered information about how patients referred with intestinal failure are managed in specialised European centres. Methods: A questionnaire was circulated in 7 Eur...

Reproductive toxicology. Sodium saccharin.

The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a class I transmembrane receptor expressed on the surface of immune system cells. TLR4 is activated by exposure to lipopolysaccharides derived from the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria and forms part of the innate immune response in mammals. Like other class 1 receptors, TLR4 is activated by ligand induced dimerization, and recent studies suggest that ...

Reproductive toxicology. Boric acid.

Boric acid (BA), widely used for both medicinal and nonmedicinal purposes, was known to adversely affect reproduction and fertility in rodents. NIOSH, in evaluating the literature prior to writing a Criteria Document, asked NIEHS to perform an RACB study on BA to generate both structural and functional data to be used for setting exposure criteria (Fail et al., Fundam Appl Toxicol 17:225-239 [1...