منابع مشابه
Refusing to be suppressed
On page 737, Fahlén et al. show that colitis-inducing effector T cells that cannot respond to the suppressive cytokine TGFrefuse to be controlled by regulatory T (T reg) cells. Naturally occurring T reg cells suppress the activity of effector CD4 T cells and are essential for the prevention of autoimmune disease and chronic inflammation. TGFappears to be required for T reg cell activity, but de...
متن کاملHow to Authenticate any Data Structure
Hash-based Authenticated Data Structures (ADS) are a classic technique in cryptography (beginning with Merkle’s authenticated binary trees), and used widely in computer security applications (including BitTorrent, Amazon Dynamo, and Bitcoin, just to name a few). An ADS allows a client to outsource storage of a data structure to an untrusted server; the client can efficiently query the data stru...
متن کاملHowTo Authenticate and Encrypt
Recently, various side-channel attacks on widely used encryption methods have been discovered. Extensive research is currently undertaken to develop new types of combined encryption and authentication mechanisms. Developers of security systems ask whether to implement methods recommended by international standards or to choose one of the new proposals. We explain the nature of the attacks and h...
متن کاملLooting and Gambling in Banking Crises∗
We construct a model of the banking firm and use it to study bank behavior and bank regulatory policy during crises. In our model, during a crisis a bank can increase the risk of its asset portfolio (“risk shift”), convert bank assets to the personal benefit of the bank manager (“loot”), or do both. Each action is socially costly. To mitigate such actions, a regulator has three policy tools: it...
متن کاملArcheology and looting: preserving the record.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Anthropology News
سال: 1975
ISSN: 1541-6151,1556-3502
DOI: 10.1111/an.1975.16.2.11.1