Stem cell therapy for degenerative disc disease: A review

Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) is a prevalent musculoskeletal disorder associated with lower back pain that typically occurs age but can also be precipitated by other factors. At present, the available treatments such as physical therapy, analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and surgical interventions are aimed at addressing symptoms of disease not degeneration process. Among various biological disc repair therapies, cell therapy has gained interest it offers regenerative potential while being minimally invasive. Stem cells have unique property differentiating into chondrocytes (specialized found in cartilage) resemble Nucleus Pulposus (NP) disc. Therefore, stem used to replace lost NP degenerated This reduces inflammation helps regeneration In vitro studies, several animal-based few human pilot studies demonstrated safety efficacy treatment DDD different types Mesenchymal Cells (MSCs), Induced Pluripotent (IPSCs), Intervertebral (IVDSCs). review aims address current status, recent advancements, therapy.