Statistical determination of the length dependence of high-order polarization mode dispersion

Statistical determination of the length dependence of high-order polarization mode dispersion.

We describe a method of characterizing high-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD). Using a new expansion to approximate the Jones matrix of a polarization-dispersive medium, we study the length dependence of high-order PMD to the fourth order. A simple rule for the asymptotic behavior of PMD for short and long fibers is found. It is also shown that, in long fibers (~1000 km), at 40 Gbits/s t...

the innovation of a statistical model to estimate dependable rainfall (dr) and develop it for determination and classification of drought and wet years of iran

آب حاصل از بارش منبع تأمین نیازهای بی شمار جانداران به ویژه انسان است و هرگونه کاهش در کم و کیف آن مستقیماً حیات موجودات زنده را تحت تأثیر منفی قرار می دهد. نوسان سال به سال بارش از ویژگی های اساسی و بسیار مهم بارش های سالانه ایران محسوب می شود که آثار زیان بار آن در تمام عرصه های اقتصادی، اجتماعی و حتی سیاسی- امنیتی به نحوی منعکس می شود. چون میزان آب ناشی از بارش یکی از مولفه های اصلی برنامه ...

Compensation of Polarization Mode Dispersion

The topic of thesis is “Compensation of Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD)” in Fiber optics communication and its impact on high speed data transmission. The work can be divided into three parts which deals with major aspects of PMD: characteristics, transmission and compensation. Polarization-mode dispersion (PMD), in single-mode optical fibers, is a phenomenon that a limit the bit-rate-distan...

Wideband all-order polarization mode dispersion compensation via pulse shaping.

We demonstrate the application of ultrafast pulse-shaping techniques for experimental wideband all-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) compensation, for the first time to our knowledge. PMD is treated as arbitrary variations of state of polarization and phase versus wavelength, in an all-order sense. Consequently, two pulse shapers are implemented in a serial manner to compensate for the p...

Second-order polarization-mode dispersion in photonic crystal fibers