Static-PPP Performance using Multi-GNSS (Single, Dual and Triple) Frequency Observations

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is relatively modern GNSS positioning technique that proved its efficiency comparing with traditional Differential for more than three decades. PPP requires only one receiver collecting observations at unknown station, while two receivers simultaneously known-position station and the other station. Extensive mitigation of different errors essential PPP-collected observations. Static-PPP accuracy depends on factors such as; used system; single (GPS(G) or GLONASS(R) BeiDou(C) Galileo(E)) mixed-GNSS systems (GPS/GLONASS GPS/GLONASS/BeiDou GPS/GLONASS/BeiDou/Galileo), type (single dual triple frequency), satellites geometry duration. This research investigates static-PPP variation different-latitude IGS stations based factors; system mixed), frequency) geometry. It can be concluded GRCE combination provides 3D-accuracy (8 cm) using frequency observations, (1.5 mm) (1 a convergence time four minutes epochs)