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We demonstrate a tunable electron-blocking layer to enhance the performance of an Earth-abundant metal-oxide solar-cell material. A 5 nm thick amorphous ternary metal-oxide buffer layer reduces interface recombination, resulting in sizable open-circuit voltage and efficiency enhancements. This work emphasizes the importance of interface engineering in improving the performance of Earth-abundant...
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The aim of the present paper is to define and study (IC)$LM$-fuzzytopological spaces, a generalization of (weakly) induced $LM$-fuzzytopological spaces. We discuss the basic properties of(IC)$LM$-fuzzy topological spaces, and introduce the notions ofinterior (IC)-fication and exterior (IC)-fication of $LM$-fuzzytopologies and prove that {bf ICLM-FTop} (the category of(IC)$LM$-fuzzy topological ...
متن کاملIC-Colorings and IC-Indices of graphs
Given a coloring f : V (G) → IN of graph G and any subgraph H ⊂ G we define fs(H) = ∑ v∈V (H) f(v). In particular, we denote fs(G) by S(f). The coloring f is called an ICcoloring if for any integer k ∈ [1, S(f)] there is a connected subgraph H ⊂ G such that fs(H) = k. Also, we define the IC-index of G to be M(G) = max{ S(f) : f is an IC-coloring of G }. In this paper we examine some well-known ...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: The Astrophysical Journal
سال: 2010
ISSN: 0004-637X,1538-4357
DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/720/1/46