Spermidine priming promotes germination of deteriorated seeds and reduced salt stressed damage in rice seedlings

Deterioration of seeds is an important problem leading to low germination and uneven crop establishment causing poor growth productivity. Soil salinity another factor limiting cultivation. Spermidine (Spd) a compound widely reported for diminishing adverse effects salt stress in plants. In this study, the Spd priming on normal deteriorated rice were investigated under during young seedling stages. Rice primed with H2O solutions 24 h before germination. All grown Petri dishes containing 5 ml deionized water 0 (control) or 150 mM NaCl (salt treatment) 1-10 d. The results showed that groups had higher percentage (GP) index (GI) both seeds. Moreover, 0.5, 1.0 1.5 significantly GP GI than H2O-primed non-primed During early hours hydration, Spd-primed produced reactive oxygen species (ROS) faster at level non-priming control saline conditions. Earlier accumulation ROS was associated more rapid seedlings, caused marked decrease increased membrane damage indicated by malondialdehyde (MDA) electrolyte leakage (EL). Conversely, reduced seedlings established from stress. finding suggested can effectively improve enhance