Speciation and historical migration pattern interaction: examples from P. nigra and P. sylvestris phylogeography

Abstract Here, from macrophylogeographic mtDNA empirical data, we propose a scenario for the evolution and speciation of two important forest trees, European black pine Scotch pine, their multiple subspecies varieties. Molecular clock simulations revealed that INDEL variability in Pinus mitochondrial genome is relatively old, i.e., Pliocene-Miocene epoch, related to historical tectonic continental fluctuations rather than climate change at large geographic scale. For conservation management biodiversity program recommendations, special attention given relationships between different models, migration patterns, differences peripheral central populations. Species involves mixing modes, every mode has effects on DNA types (e.g., vs. chloroplast nuclear DNA). The misbalance contributions meta-population census sizes effective population asymmetric patterns result genotypes (and subphylogenetic lines) responding selection pressure adaptive evolution. We initial minimal size unit (between 3 5 ha) marginal natural area distribution both species dynamic system practical genetic diversity management. proposed physical were determined by size, radius seed density age dynamics, succession pattern, pressing biology [R-17].