Spatiotemporal variation in snow cover and its effects on grassland phenology on the Mongolian Plateau

Snow cover is an important water source for vegetation growth in arid and semi-arid areas, grassland phenology provides valuable information on the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. The Mongolian Plateau features both abundant snow resources typical ecosystems. In recent years, with intensification global change, has changed correspondingly, resulting effects growth. this study, using MOD10A1 data MOD13A1 Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) combined remote sensing (RS) geographic system (GIS) techniques, we analyzed spatiotemporal changes from 2001 2018. correlation analysis grey relation were used determine influence parameters (snow fraction (SCF), duration (SCD), onset date (SCOD), end (SCED)) different types vegetation. results showed wide early start time, a late long over northern Plateau. Additionally, start, end, short observed phenology, but southern area opposite trend. SCF decreased at annual rate 0.33%. SCD was shortened 0.57 d. SCOD SCED more than half study advanced rates 5.33 5.74 DOY (day year), respectively. For growing season (SOS) 0.03 DOY, (EOS) delayed 0.14 length (LOS) prolonged 0.17 SCF, SCD, significantly positively correlated SOS negatively EOS LOS. can directly affect vegetation, while LOS obviously influenced by SCED. This scientific basis exploring trends alpine