Spatiotemporal Evolution of Ecosystem Services in the Wanhe Watershed Based on Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov and InVEST Models

The evaluation of habitat quality and its genesis is great significance to ecological protection the watershed. Based on land use data, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), road network data population Cellular Automata (CA)-Markov model InVEST were used analyzed change in Wanhe Watershed, predicting 2025. this, degree degradation 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025 predicted analyzed, combined with particularity terrain study area, topography was introduced. Landform relief gradient discuss relationship between topographic factors reveal distribution law. result shows that from 2000 2025, farmland forestland are main types due expansion construction land, whereby area increased by 62.86 km2, an increase 34.41%, mainly forestland. From urban reduction forestland, tends be serious, generally a downward trend, areas low having had largest 452.67 km² 526.15 affects natural landscapes intensity human activities, resulting significant differences landscape pattern quality. western mountains relatively better. After implementation environmental policies, has tended improve. This can promote adjustment planning policies maintain biodiversity watershed, realize coordinated development benefits social economic development. research results have theoretical practical value for layout Watershed.