Soil and Residual Stand Disturbances after Harvesting in Close-to-Nature Managed Forests

Close-to-nature forestry is a viable option to manage forests that are resilient the challenges presented by climate change. The new silvicultural schemes necessitate adapting operational side, posing productivity and environmental effects of harvesting machinery technologies. This study focused on analysing disturbance residual stands forest soils in were being restructured into multistorey, close-to-nature managed ones using low-impact Measurements performed four after logging, divided 30 sample plots with dimensions 20 × m. Within plots, changes soil parameters, such as bulk density (g·cm−3) penetration resistance (MPa), measured. results showed intensity stand reached between 13% 23% was not significantly (p > 0.05) affected operations. mean size wounds 38.99 233.05 cm2, most frequently category 11–50 cm2. Regarding disturbance, Spearman’s correlation significant relationship ˂ longitudinal slope rut trail. relative increase BD largest occurred (undisturbed) locations (12.5% 24.77%). Penetration measurements low moisture content high coarse fragment content. Subsequently, did show resistance. Therefore, we can conclude that, from an perspective, proposed technologies options for foresters who forests, there less caused machinery.