Soft Tissue Simulants for Survivability Assessment—A Sustainability Focussed Review

Traditionally, human cadavers and porcine tissue have been used as means to replicate elements of the body; however, because differences in biomechanical properties from limbs/organs potential for degradation mechanical caused by ageing, they do not provide accurate material either lethality or survivability assessment. In 21st century with more ethical ways working being employed, use soft analogues undertake ballistic testing has become routinely accepted. However, gaps literature exist that identified a difference characterisation. Procedurally, every researcher manufactures gelatine differently, which, when combined lack calibration procedures, can cause inconsistencies output data, additional concerns surrounding repeatability re-mouldable simulants, such Perma-Gel®. Further, limited information is available on environmental impact ‘1 shot’ items, gelatine, which well-known widely accepted This review identifies key within literature, risk associated assessment, solutions issues within, outcomes showing current methodologies assessment align wider UK government ambition Net Zero 2050 unless changes are made.