Social impacts of biodiversity offsetting: A review

Biodiversity offsetting is the widely studied last step of mitigation hierarchy. Despite numerous studies and methodological development completed for biodiversity calculations, human aspect remains unsolved. conservation typically governed at national or state levels, but harm caused to as well people occurs locally. In offsetting, values can be relocated far from original area, relocating hold regarding their nearby nature may not possible. Acknowledging local people's hopes further complicate therefore it emphasises even more need avoid reduce negative impacts, i.e. earlier steps this review we present current understanding social impacts on based scientific literature. We identified a clear research gap in relation opportunities have participate decision-making processes related offsetting. cause displacement negatively affect livelihood, there little literature that procedure. addition, loss livelihood living area Global South while North are often indirect. Ways compensate losses vary land use rights other areas economic compensation. It unclear if protocols which acceptable both socially terms biodiversity.