Smart specialisation strategies: towards an outward-looking approach

In recent years, regional innovation policies across Europe have relied on the smart specialisation approach to support new path development. However, its focus endogenous knowledge flows remains a major weakness of approach. This article argues that has adopt an outward-looking combines external and internal region. Based four stylised types regions, proposes generic strategies can be pursued through specialisation. terms policy implications, policymakers should develop their regions’ connectedness strategically leverage complementarities in global for