Single Dose Tolerance to the Analgesic Effect of Clonidine and Cross-Tolerance between Morphine and Clonidine

Single dose tolerance to the analgesic effect of clonidine and cross-tolerance between morphine and clonidine.

A single dose of clonidine developed tolerance to its analgesic effect. The tolerance reached its peak acutely on the 2nd day and lasted more than 5 days. Neither the analgesic effect nor the development of tolerance was modified by the pretreatment with naloxone. On the 2nd day, clonidine tolerant animals were also tolerant to morphine, but morphine tolerant animals, after a single dose of mor...

investigating the relationship between ambiguity tolerance and willingness to translate of iranian prospective english translators: an sem revalidation study

cognitive studies of translation process have recently been awarded a great deal of attention. there exists a psychological angle to almost all translation activities. the present study, thus, deals with analysing the relationships between iranian prospective translators tolerance for ambiguity (ta) and their willingness to translate (wtt). the research was conducted as a mixed methods study, d...

Intrathecal administration of epinephrine inhibits and reverses analgesic tolerance to analgesic effect of morphine in rats

Introduction: Several researches have reported that stress is able to inhibit the development of morphine tolerance via activating of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. In the present study we tried to examine the effect of epinephrine, the product of adrenal medulla, on the development of morphine tolerance. Methods: Analgesic tolerance was induced by intrathecal (i.t.) injection of...

Hyperpolarizing effects of morphine, clonidine and 2-chloroadenosine in myenteric neurons associated with tolerance to morphine.

Chronic treatment of guinea pigs with morphine produces non-specific subsensitivity (tolerance) of the longitudinal smooth muscle myenteric plexus (LM/MP) preparation of the guinea pig ileum to morphine, clonidine and 2-chloroadenosine correlated with a partial depolarization of myenteric S neurons. The purpose of our investigation was to gain further evidence regarding the cellular mechanism o...

effect of clonidine and ketotifen on tolerance induced to morphine antinociception in mice